IoT Based Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System for Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Biopond Using ESP32

Abstract

Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggot cultivation requires stable environmental conditions, particularly temperature and humidity, to ensure optimal growth and productivity. However, many small-scale breeders still rely on manual monitoring, resulting in inefficient environmental control and increased risk of unfavorable cultivation conditions. This study proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring and control system for BSF bioponds using an ESP32 microcontroller, DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor, soil moisture sensor, DC exhaust fan, L298N motor driver, and Firebase as a real-time monitoring platform. The system was developed using the Waterfall methodology, including requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and evaluation. Environmental data collected by the sensors are transmitted to Firebase for remote monitoring, while the exhaust fan is automatically activated to stabilize environmental conditions when the measured values exceed predetermined thresholds. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system successfully performs real-time monitoring and automatic environmental control with stable communication between hardware and the cloud platform. The integration of IoT technology with automatic temperature regulation improves monitoring efficiency, minimizes manual intervention, and provides a practical solution for household-scale BSF cultivation. The developed system is expected to support sustainable maggot farming by maintaining optimal environmental conditions and improving cultivation productivity.