MySQL vs MongoDB on Small-Scale E-Commerce Query Workloads: A Systematic Review of Database Performance Optimization

Efriati Annisa Hakim; Dinda Puji Lestari; Vanisa Amelia; Imam Prayogo Pujiono

doi:10.59934/jaiea.v5i3.2570

Authors

Efriati Annisa Hakim UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan
Dinda Puji Lestari UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan
Vanisa Amelia UIN k.h Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan
Imam Prayogo Pujiono UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59934/jaiea.v5i3.2570

Keywords:

Database Performance; E-Commerce; MongoDB; MySQL; Polyglot Persistence; Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

The rapid growth of small-scale e-commerce platforms in Indonesia has increased the need to select an appropriate database management system (DBMS) that ensures performance, scalability, and data integrity. This study compares the performance, flexibility, and scalability of MySQL and MongoDB through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 20 scientific articles published between 2021 and 2025. The results show that no database is absolutely superior, since the optimal performance of each system depends on the workload it handles. MongoDB performs better in write-intensive operations, simple data reads, schema flexibility, and horizontal scalability, making it suitable for managing dynamic data such as product catalogs, user sessions, and shopping carts. MySQL is more reliable in maintaining transactional integrity through ACID properties, executing complex relational queries efficiently, and ensuring data reliability, making it the preferred choice for critical data such as financial transactions and inventory management. Based on these findings, this study recommends a Polyglot Persistence strategy, a hybrid approach in which MySQL serves as the source of truth for critical transactional data while MongoDB manages dynamic data requiring high performance and flexibility. This strategy offers evidence-based guidance for developers and system architects building efficient, responsive, and consistent small-scale e-commerce platforms.

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