Samosir, W.A., Zulfahmi Indra, Insan Taufik and Susiana 2025. Handwritten Batak Toba Script Recognition Based on Deep Learning Using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Algorithm. Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Engineering Applications (JAIEA). 5, 1 (Oct. 2025), 2042–2048. DOI:https://doi.org/10.59934/jaiea.v5i1.1795.